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Hepatitis B (HBV) is an infection of the liver caused by a virus. It's much easier to get than HIV and can cause permanent liver disease and cancer. Most people have no obvious symptoms, and there is no known cure.
Signs and symptoms
There often aren't any symptoms But if there are they may include:
A short, flu-like illness
Fatigue (tiredness and feeling weak)
Nausea and vomiting (feeling and being sick)
Diarrhoea
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Itchy skin
How do you get it?
By unprotected penetrative sex (where the penis enters the vagina or anus) or sex which draws blood.
By oral sex (from mouth to the genitals).
By sharing needles or other drug injecting equipment contaminated with blood.
By using equipment for tattooing, acupuncture or body-piercing contaminated with blood.
From an infected mother to her baby.
Through a blood transfusion in a country where blood is not tested — all blood for transfusion is tested in the UK.
Less commonly by oral sex (from mouth to the genitals).
Always use a condom and avoid sharing toothbrushes, razors, or needles as Hepatitis B can be passed on this way.
Testing and treatmentHepatitis B can be diagnosed by a simple blood test. Most people who acquire Hepatitis B as adults will clear the infection and become immune. A vaccine is also available to help protect against Hepatitis B, and is available for people most at risk.
Long-term effects
You are at risk of chronic liver disease.